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   Hydrochloric Acid             [HCl]  Hydrochloric acid is also known as muriatic acid. Hydrochloric acid is solution of hydrogen chloride. Hydrochloric acid has a distinctive pungent smell. it is classified as strongly acidic.  it can attack the skin over a wide composition range. Preparation Concentrated sulphuric acid and sodium chloride heated in cost iron pan  then HCl gas liberated .  NaCl + H₂SO₄ → HCl + Na₂SO₄ Hydrochloric gas has collected in a chamber where cold water is sprayed cover the gas. the dilute acid obtained. By synthesis  Large amount of hydrogen and chlorine gases are obtained as by product by electrolysis of NaCl solution during the manufacture or caustic soda . these cash are drilled and combined to produce HCl.   Gas →collected→ spray →cold water →solution of dilute acid in tank  Physical property It is a colourless solution has a highly pungent order it is available in many differ...

  Boric acid ( H₃BO₃)       Boric acid is a weak inorganic compound. Occurance or source  Boric acid  occurs naturally in volcanic areas, and in certain minerals such as borax (as sassolite). It is also found in sea water, plants, and fruits in small amounts. Physical property It is white crystalline solid with a density of 1.435 g/ml . *Melting point - 170.9 ℃ *Boiling point - 300 ℃ Chemical property It is weak monobasic acid and is considered a Lewis acid.  its associated with boiling water and in an anhydrous H₂SO₄.  When heated to hiɡh temperature over 170 degrees celsius it undergoes dehydration to form metaboric acid.   H₃BO₃ → HBO₂ + H₂O Preparation It is prepared by reacting mineral such as borax (Na₂B₄O₇.5H₂O) with a mixture of concentrated  sulphuric acid and water is added to a hot aquas solution of borax the hot solution filtered; cool and crystallized then boric acid is obtained. Na₂B₄O₇.5H₂O + H₂SO₄→ Na₂SO₄ + 4 H₃BO₃ C...

       Co-Enzyme Definition A Co-enzyme is a organic non-protein compound that bind with an enzyme to catalyze a reaction .        A coenzyme cannot function lonely but can be used several time when paired with an enzyme. coenzyme or small molecule they cannot be themselves catalyzed reaction they can help enzyme to do . in technical term coenzyme organic non-protein compound that bind with protein molecule to form the active enzyme a number of the water-soluble vitamins such as Vitamin B1 vitamin B2 Vitamin B6 are coenzyme. Function of co-enzyme A enzyme without a coenzyme is called as a apoenzyme (it is an inactive enzyme) without coenzyme and cofactor cannot catalyzed reaction when enzyme with add coenzyme is called as holoenzyme (enzyme + coenzyme = active organic compounds or active enzyme) they are attached to a portion of the active site on enzyme which enable the catalyzed reaction. E.g.- the molecule of ATP can function as a coenzyme when...

      Lipid & Fat Lipid is defined as a substance that is i soluble in water and soluble in alcohol , ether , and chloroform . Lipid are an important of living cell together with carbohydrates and protein .lipid are main constituent of plant and animal . Lipid are easily stored in the body they serve as a source of fuel and an important constituent of the structure of cell.               Lipid include fatty acid  , neutral fat waxes and steroid (e.g. Cortisone) lipid togather with carbohydrates and protein and nucleic acid are one of the major classes of biologically essential . Organic molecule found in all living role biologically such as membrane formation , cell division . Lipid are made from the alcohol glycerol (C₃H₈O₃).              Over the 10000 kinds of lipid has been discovered. Role of Lipid Fat is the major contribution to energy from diet . Supplying 35-40 % food energy . Lipid pl...

   Vitamin C [Ascorbic  acid] Function *It works as antioxidant to inhibit damage of body cell. *It helps in the formation of collagen or or the intracellular cement substance which is necessary for body growth and tissue repair  *It helps to keep capillary valves and blood vessels and some protects our body from bruising. *It helps to our body to absorb iron and copper from plant source of food. *It helps to to keep our gum healthy. *It helps in the synthesis of adrenaline and hydro cortisone . *It protects from infection by stimulating the formation of antibody which boost our body in unity. * Prevent accumulation of histamine in the body. Roll of ascorbic acid  In prevention of common cold and protection against infection. Deficiency Deficiency of vitamin C leads to Scurvy  . Which is characterised weakness, spongy and bleeding gum , loose teeth.     It's deficiency also causes hemorrhage in skin. Over consumption Since vitamin C is water solub...

   Vitamin B-12 [cyanocobalamin] Vitamin B 12 is also called cyanocobalamin , it is the longest and most structurally complicated vitamin . It occur naturally in meat product the human body can store vitamin B 12 for upto 4 years. Source Vitamin V 12 can be found in animal product such as fish , meat , egg, dairy product .    Good dietary product source of vitamin B 12 including beaf , pork , ham (upper part of pig leg) , chicken , fish , dairy product , some yeast .         It is always to maintain a balance diet and receive health full amount of nutrients. Function Vitamin B 12 is normal function of brain and nervous system it is also involve the formation of RBC and help to creat and regulate of DNA  . The metabolism of every cell in the body depend on vitamin B 12 and it play role of synthesis of fatty acid , give energy production of vitamin B 12 enable the regulate of energy by helping the human body , absorbed folic acid . The human bo...

   Vitamin B-7 [Biotin] Vitamin B 7 is also called biotin , the human body can not synthesis biotin . Biotin is co enzyme involve in metabolism of fatty acid is a type of molecule found in fat and oil . Biotin is eliminate through urine. Function *Biotin is important in helping the body to process of glucose and to metabolism fat , carbohydrates and protein it also help transfer of CO₂ . *According European food safety authority biotin contribute to nutrients metabolism . *Maintaining hair , skin , mucus membrane . *Nervous system function. *Psychological function. *Biotin contribute to healthy nail skin and hair so it is widely cosmetic industry. *It play main role of controlling diabetes . *It is maintain glucose on diabetes patient. In take 0 to 6 month.                                 5 mcg/day 7 to 12 month.                      ...

   Vitamin B-6 [Pyridoxine] Vitamin B 6 is alsi called pyridoxine . It is a water soluble vitamin which means it dissolve in water it not stored in body and it is excreted in the urine so need to take in vitamin B 6 every day it is part of family of   b complex.  Type *Pyridoxine *Pyridoxamine *Pyridoxal Roll & Function It is involved in RBC formation as well as energy and amino acid metabolism. It is also required for the release of glucose from food. *This vitamin is most important for deficiency can lead to permanent nerve damage . *Other function of pyridoxine include protein and glucose metabolism and the manufacturing of hemoglobin . *It may help boost brain performance. *It is to insure the normal functioning of digestive enzyme that breakdown food. *Keep healthy skin. In take 0 to 6 month                                 0.1 mg 7 to 12 month.      ...

   Vitamin B-5 [Pantothenic acid]  Vitamin B 5 is also known as pantothenic acid . It is most important vitamin for human life it is necessary for making blood cells and it help you convert ear into energy. Function *Healthy skin *Hair and eyes  *Proper function of nervous system and liver. *Healthy digestive system. *Making RBC which carry RBC through out the body . *Making sex harmone and stress harmone and other related harmone. Source of vitamin B 5 The best way of make sure you are getting enough vitamin B 5 is to ate a healthy diet balance diet every day. Vitamin B 5 is found in most vegetable such like as  *Broccoli cabbage *Member of cabbage family *White and sweet potato  *Whole grain cereals  Other healthy source of vitamin B 5 include   *Mushroom *Nut *Beans *Pea *Lentils *Meat *Chicken *Egg *Dairy product. In take 1 to 6 month                              ...

  Vitamin B 3 [Niacin] Vitamin B 3 is also known as Niacin . It is water soluble vitamin play a key role of skin , digestive system , mental health and support the function of more than 200 enzyme in the body . Vitamin B 3 is a contribute of two chemical nicotinic acid and nicotinamide . The body break down these chemical to produce two aditional chemical of NAD+(Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) , NADP+ (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate). Type There are two types - *Nicotinic acid *Nicotinamide *Nicotinic acid The most common for in supplement it is found in both plant and animal source . High dose of nicotinic acid supplement may cause a condition cause niacin flush. *Nicotinamide It is found in other supplement source . Role and function All dietary form of niacin in the converted to NAD and NADP which act as co enzymes ike the other vitamin B as a function of co enzyme in the body. * Playing a essential role in cellular function and acting as an antioxidant one of t...