Strong Ammonium Hydroxide : preparation , physical and chemical property , incompatibility , uses , Storage.

 

 Strong Ammonium Hydroxide [NH₄OH]


Commercially ammonia is obtained from the ammonia liquid which is by product during the production of coal gas ammonical gas is obtained by passing the hard gas through cooling pipe
The ammonium hydroxide is also known as the Aqua Ammonia, solution of the ammonia gas inside the water, and also a common commercial form of ammonia. It is a liquid that has no color and has a strong characteristic odor. In the concentrated form, ammonium hydroxide can result in burns on coming in contact with the skin. Moreover, with the ordinary household ammonia, useful as a cleanser, is dilute ammonium hydroxide.

Preparation

In laboratory ammonia is prepared by heating NH₄Cl with calcium hydroxide.
 
2NH₄Cl + Ca(OH)₂→ CaCl₂ + 2H₂O + 2NH₃

Commercially ammonia is obtained from the ammonical liquid which is by product during the production of coal gas ammonical gas is obtained by passing the hard gas through cooling pipe.

Physical Property

* ammonia is a colourless gas .

*Ammonia have strong pungent character , stick odour and choking smell.

* the choking effect is caused by a temporary paralysis of muscles are connected by inspiration in large dose Ammonia may cause death.

Chemical Property

* Ammonia extremely soluble with water 700 volume in 1 ml of water at 0 degree Celsius and 760 mm pressure and is a weak base.


NH₃ +H₂O→ NH₄OH →(NH₄+)  + ( OH−)

Incompatibility

* it is incompatible with acids , salts of metal such as iron precipitating their hydroxide.

* quinine hydrochloride are decomposed by addition of ammonia.

Pharmaceutical uses

* it is used as antacid.

* it is used as counter irritant and stimulate.

* it is an ingredient aromatic spirit ammonia.

* liquid ammonia is used as reagent in laboratory .

*it is used as production of HNO3 , soda ash ,plastic , nylon , resin , dye.

Storage

It is stored in well closed container in cool place it is generally kept in Amber coloured bottle having a rubber stopper in temperature below 20 degree Celsius.




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